Topics of Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Exam
The CPA Exam test consists of four, four-hour sections. You must clear all four sections within 18 months with a minimum score of 75 on each part. The core topics for each of the four sections are listed below. These contents are likely to be used for the examination. However, on any particular delivery of the test, other similar topics could also appear.
It is recommended that, where possible, the applicant uses these contents and/or other resources to provide background information on the exam objectives. The syllabus for the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Exam is listed below with detail of each section and their topics:
1. Auditing and Attestation (AUD)
Objectives covered by this section:
Developing a Planned Response & Assessing Risk (20 to 30%)
- Assessing and identifying the risk of material misstatement
- Debtor-creditor relationships
- Planning an engagement
- Materiality
- Entity's internal control
- Specific areas of engagement risk
Professional Responsibilities, Ethics & General Principles (15 to 25%)
- Communication with component auditors
- A firm's system of quality control
- Ethics and professional conduct
- Engagement documentation
- Nature and scope
- Communication with management
Obtaining Evidence & Performing Further Procedures (30 to 40%)
- Sampling techniques
- Subsequent events
- Performing specific procedures to get evidence
- Internal control deficiencies and misstatements
- Acquisition and disposition of assets
- Written representation
Reporting and Forming Conclusions (15 to 25%)
- Reports on auditing engagements
- Reporting on compliance
- Reports on attestation engagements
- Review service engagements
- Other reporting considerations
2. Regulation (REG)
Objectives covered by this section:
Federal Tax Procedures, Professional Responsibilities, and Ethics (10 to 20%)
- Responsibilities in tax practice
- Legal duties
- Licensing and disciplinary systems
- Federal tax procedures
Business Law (10 to 20%)
- Agency
- Government regulation of business
- Business structure
- Debtor-creditor relationships
- Contracts
Federal Taxation of Property Transactions (12 to 22%)
- Estate and gift taxation
- Determination of taxable estate
- Gift tax annual exclusion
- Acquisition and disposition of assets
- Cost recovery
- Gift tax deductions
Federal Taxation of Individuals (15 to 25%)
- Gross income
- Reporting items from pass-through entities
- Passive activity losses
- Filing status
- Computation of tax and credits
- Computation of tax and credits
- Alternative Minimum Tax
Federal Taxation of Entities (28 to 38%)
- C corporations
- Limited liability companies
- S corporations
- Tax-exempt organizations
- Partnerships
- Trusts and estates
- Liquidation of business entities & tax treatment of formation
3. Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR)
Objectives covered by this section:
Standard-Setting, Conceptual Framework, and Financial Reporting (25 to 35%)
- General-purpose financial statements
- Conceptual framework
- Special purpose framework
- Public company reporting topics
- Standard setting and conceptual framework for nonbusiness entities
- Standard setting for non-business entities
Select Financial Statement Accounts (30 to 40%)
- Long-term debt
- Property, plant, and equipment
- Income taxes
- Intangible assets
- Compensation benefits
- Cash and cash equivalents
- Inventory
- Investments
Select Transactions (20 to 30%)
- Derivatives and hedge accounting
- Research and development costs
- Nonreciprocal transfers
- Subsequent events
- Contingencies and commitments
- Leases
- Accounting changes and error corrections
- Software costs
- Fair value measurements
- Foreign currency transaction and translation
- Differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP
- Business combinations
State and Local Governments (5 to 15%)
- Government-wide financial statements
- Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR)
- State and local government concepts
- Specific types of transactions and events: calculation, measurement, presentation in a governmental entity, and valuation
4. Business Environment and Concepts (BEC)
Objectives covered by this section:
Corporate Governance (17 to 27%)
- ERM (Enterprise Risk Management) frameworks
- Internal control frameworks
- Regulatory frameworks and provisions
Economic Concepts and Analysis (17 to 27%)
- Market influences on business
- Economic business cycles
- Financial risk management
Financial Management (11 to 21%)
- Financial valuation methods
- Working capital
- Capital structure
Information Technology (15 to 25%)
- Role of information technology business
- Processing integrity
- IT governance
- Systems development of maintenance
- Information security/availability
Operations Management (15 to 25%)
- Planning techniques
- Cost accounting
- Process management
- Performance management
Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Exam Certification Path
The certification path for the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Exam consists of this Uniform CPA Examination with 4 sections that can be taken separately as in one section per test window or all sections at once. After clearing these 4 sections, an ethics exam must also be cleared before your license could be processed.
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